I know Chris Porter was messing around with zero extension stems a decade or so ago and Mondraker had the 10mm stem probably 12-13yrs ago… Neither stuck… And IMO there’s a good reason…
Everything is a compromise. On an MX bike you’ve got a LOT more weight over the front wheel at all times, purely just cos of the weight of the bike. With MTB, the rider is a much bigger percentage of the overall system weight (typically 75-85% of it compared to 35-50% on an MX bike) and thus has a lot more influence over the handling characteristics of the bike by shifting their weight around than they do on an MX bike… And obviously road motorcycles (many of which will have the bars mounted some way behind the steering axis!) even less so…
Anyway… When the bike handling is more reliant on rider input then you simply can’t have the front wheel too far out in front, thus making it too hard to weight… We have seen the Long Low Slack geometry of many brands actually become slightly more conservative because of this, and knowing Chris Porter as I do, his own setups are quite a bit more conservative than they were even only 5yrs ago (G1 head angle is now 1deg steeper on V2 model, shorter reaches too) and he typically runs a 35mm stem iirc.
If you put the front wheel out a long way in front of you, the bike will be inherently stable but the rearward weight bias will negatively affect the handling. So there seems to be a sweet spot for most Enduro MTB geometry these days, the Goldilocks porridge setup of long enough but not too long etc and around a 30-40mm stem (because if you take the length out of the stem and put it in the TT, the wheel is so much harder to weight dynamically)…
The other thing to consider is how an mtb handles vs how motorcycles handle. Motorcycles have much bigger tyre widths, and they’re much taller in the middle than they are on the sides… A motorcycle isn’t steered (once past walking pace) so much as leant over… Now obviously the same is true for a bicycle, but the speed at which you’re still steering it rather than leaning it is relatively higher (compared to its maximum speed you will travel on it) than it is with the motorcycle. Combined with tyres that don’t “fall” onto the sides when leant, and you have to actively steer a bicycle a bit more than you do a motorcycle, and as such, a bit of forward extension on the stem helps in this respect, at least in the slower tighter sections of the trail…
Now why the sudden resurgence in zero reach (or even negative reach) stems again…?
Fashion!
They run it in MX innit…
There are less downsides on a bike that is purely going downhill as opposed to one that’s being ridden uphill too, and in combination with taller bars it means the rider gets a more upright stance when descending and is still able to weight the front wheel appropriately (albeit the front wheel is now about 6-8” further from your hands than it was, so handling will feel vague)… Also for someone like Hattie Harnden, who is tall but she’s all leg, no torso, modern long reach bikes weren’t designed for her anyway so there’ll be a small matter of “what works for the individual” coming in to play here too…
For the rest of us…? Would I advise experimenting with bar height, stem lengths, number of spacers under the stem…? Yes, absolutely… I have many times over the years… But I have found what feels comfortable and works for me, and it’s not having the bars up under my chin on a bike that I need to ride up hill and down dale… Doesn't mean I won’t experiment more still going forward (about to chuck some 38mm rise bars on my eMTB to replace the 25’s in fact, but might also drop a few mm of spacers at the same time to counter the increase a little), but not too radically…
Follow the science… NOT the marketing hype…
